The diagram below shows a neuron, which has specialized structures at one end called dendrites. These structures receive signals from other nearby cells.

A diagram shows an elongated structure that branches out on both ends. The top end is relatively large and its branch-like structures are labeled dendrites. These extend from a central area which contains a small circular area labeled nucleus.

They cause the neuron to move in response to a signal.

They allow the neuron to integrate signals from multiple sources.

They allow the neuron to distribute DNA to other nearby cells.

The cartilage is made up of chondrocytes, which are a type of specialized cell.

Cartilage has a firm but elastic structure, which is typical of tissues.

The cells of the nasal cartilage work together to provide structure to the nasal passages.

The following diagram shows two plant cell types: a guard cell and a storage parenchyma cell.

A diagram depicts a guard cell as a bean shaped structure with four small oval shaped chloroplasts inside. The diagram also depicts a storage parenchyma cell as a circular, yet imperfect, shape with eleven small starch granules inside.

Guard cells and storage parenchyma cells contain the same proteins, but the cells are different due to their roles in photosynthesis.

Guard cells and storage parenchyma cells each make a different set of proteins, which determines each cell type’s structure and function.

Guard cells contain proteins which promote the formation of large starch granules, while storage parenchyma cells do not.

A dog has systems of specialized cells, such as those that make up the urinary tract and digestive system, that help it carry out these functions.

A dog carries out digestion and excretion through a series of redundant systems, so if one system is injured, another will take its place.

A dog has cells whose genetic makeup can change depending on the circumstances, such as whether the animal is ingesting and digesting food, or excreting waste.

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How do cells perform the essential functions of life? Learn how systems of cells create eyeballs, livers, and more!

Cell Specialization